Basic Esperanto
This shit should get you up to speed pretty quick
Quick note on the special diacritic characters - if you can't be bothered to download a custom keyboard, or they are otherwise unavailable to you, the convention is to write them as the letter followed by an x (as the letter X is not used anywhere else in the language).
>Ĉu - Cxu
>Manĝas - Mangxas
Pronouns
>Mi - I / Me
>Ni - We / Us
>Vi - You
>Li - He
>Ŝi - She
>Ĝi - Gender neutral second person (like "he" or "she" but without expressing gender)
>Ili - They / Them (as in the plural)
>Oni - One
>Si - There isn't an exact equivalent to this one in English, and it's not important for beginner stuff
Articles
There is no indefinite article ("a/an")
The defninite article ("the") is "La"
>Viro - Man
>La viro - The man
Nouns
Singular nouns end in -o
>Pomo - Apple
Plurals end in -oj
>Pomoj - Apples
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives end in -a
>Bona - Good
Adverbs end in -e
>Bone - Well (as in "you did well")
Verbs
Infinitives end in -i
>Manĝi - To eat
Past tense ends in -is, present tense in -as, future tense in -os
>Mi manĝis - I ate
>Mi manĝas - I eat / I am eating
>Mi manĝos - I will eat
Conditional ends with -us
>Se mi manĝus - If I were to eat
Commands end in -u
>Manĝu tion pomon - Eat that apple
Accusative case
Because word order is much freer in Esperanto, the accusative case marks the direct object. The accusative case is formed by adding a -n to another word, for example:
>Pomon - Apple (accusative case)
>Pomojn - Apples (accusative case)
Here is an example sentence so I can show you what it means
>Mi manĝas la pomon - I eat the apple
The reason pomo has to be marked with the -n is because otherwise the sentence could also mean "The apple eats me"
Adjectival agreement
If a noun is plural, any adjectives to it also take the -j ending. Likewise, if a noun is in the accusative case, any adjectives to it also take the -n ending
>Ruĝo pomo - Red apple
>Ruĝoj pomoj - Red apples
>Ruĝon pomon - Red apple (accusative case)
>Ruĝojn pomojn - Red apples (accusative case)
Now we can make some basic sentences with the vocab and grammar rules we've learned so far
>Mi manĝis la pomon - I ate the apple
>Mi manĝos la bonan pomon - I will eat the good apple
>La pomo estas ruĝa - The apple is red (estas means is/am/are)
>La ruĝa pomo estas bona - The red apple is good
>Mi ne estas pomo - I am not an apple (jes means yes, ne means no/not)
>Vi ne estas bona - You are not good
Probably the hardest thing for English speakers here will be the accusative case, please ask me if you have any problems with it
Come to me with any questions friends, Ni parolos Esperanton in no time!