If you get misunderstood then that should tell you something about how you communicate.
There are a few ways you can have more substantial arguments. A great first step is not to have a one-line, incendiary OP. That's a pretty clear sign that whoever created the thread, generally speaking, is just looking to bait people or piss them off or whatever.
A simple formula you can go with something like
Y could be a number of things. It could be a reputable scientific article, or an essay, or even a rhetorical argument.
For scientific articles, you need to pay attention to 1) who is doing the research, 2) how the research is carried out, 3) how it's funded, and 4) where it's published. Something published in The Lancet for example is probably more reliable than something published in a more obscure journal. Usually this can kind of be a pain in the ass because there's a whole industry around this fucking shit that puts all that juicy science behind a paywall. If you find a news or magazine article talking about science, that tends to be okay, but unless the writer is a specialist in what they're covering they're probably just repeating whatever bullshit press release they were given. You should try and track whatever they're referencing back to its source. Generally speaking, the closer to the source you get, the more reliable the information.
Essays are trickier because, while they're hopefully based on facts, there tends to be plenty of interpretation and opinion mixed in as well. Again, the source for these is important. Blogs tend to be a major source for this kind of thing, and while that isn't necessarily bad, the quality varies from blog to blog–they're not all equally valid. Also, since the origin point tends to be the writer of the blog so to speak, that could disqualify your source immediately in the minds of whoever you're arguing with. You could cite someone like Paul Krugman on Holla Forums for example, but generally you'll just get laughed at. This happens frequently too when Holla Forumsyps back up their "race realism" with links to blog posts that link to other blogs that link to "studies" carried out and funded by Nazis.
Oh, that's another thing, don't do that Holla Forums shit where they just scan their sources to find the one or two lines that seem to confirm their beliefs and then disregard everything else. In my experience, actually reading their sources will show you that they actually say the opposite of what they're being presented as saying.
I don't know if you're from Holla Forums or not, so don't take that as an aspersion on your part. It just happens pretty frequently and it's a stupid rookie mistake. Read your sources in their entirety.
Really, you'll probably be making rhetorical arguments frequently, even without even meaning to. IIRC they can be divided up into three types: ethos (you should do this because it's the right thing to do!), pathos (you should do this because of the starving children in Africa!), and logos (you should do this because of this solid reasoning!). The first two are lightning-rods for Stirner-posting, and generally they're kind of the weakest arguments you can make. Making logical arguments can be kind of tricky, because if you're a burger unless you were extremely fortunate in your schooling, you're probably not going to be exposed to formal logic until college.
Going into logic is really beyond the scope of how much effort I care to expend on this post, so hopefully some other kinder, more knowledgeable user can expand upon it. For most stuff you can get by with if-then type constructions. "If X, then Y." "If it's raining, you should bring an umbrella." It's a simple and robust construction, but whatever premise you start with (the X part) should be pretty solid, because if it's not everything after it falls apart and everyone will laugh at you.
The more of these elements you incorporate, the stronger your arguments tend to be. There are plenty of texts and books and guides on rhetoric and argumentation and persuasion. Because I'm a faggot I'm going to tell you to start with the Greeks and check out Aristotle's Rhetoric. For thousands of years it was the gold standard in how to argue with people. I'm sure there are more beginner-friendly texts though, but I don't really care to look. "How to Win Friends and Influence People" is a famous one, though.
HTH