Why was the Soviet Union divided into SSR's?

Seems like it would encourage ethno-nationalism.

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marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1922/dec/testamnt/autonomy.htm
marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1923/mar/05.htm
revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv8n1/lenstal.htm
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uhhh Leninism has some pretty shit and very liberal conceptions of nationhood

marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03.htm
Soviets believed that each ethnic group had a right to develop their own national identity and national culture and that socialism is what would allow them to do this.
It was also kind of a tactical decision at the time because giving different groups in the USSR their own mini-state would help convince the nationalists living there to support the Soviet Union because "hey we were the ones who preserved your language and your culture, why would you ever oppose us?"
You're right that it backfired though, promoting ethnic identity along the border near Germany led to some nationalists siding with the Nazis instead of the Soviets because they were taught to only conceive of politics in racial terms.
A Biography of No Place is an interesting book on the racial politics of Eastern Europe during the early soviet period. It's kinda delves into pop-history but its definitely worth reading imo.

Benefits: All these republics were effortlessly held in Soviet gasp.
More importantly, no nationalists sided with the White side during the civil war,

Disadvantages: It resulted in formation and entrenchment of local cliques, not too concerned about ideas.

Compared with China, they had (and still have) rather serious rebellions and discontent. On the other hand, they have global leadership, while the nationalists have no influence in the military and administration.

Oh god this map is godawful

...

Because Lenin was a spooked nationalist tbh. Stalin wanted a centralized state where everyone would simply be a Soviet citizen.

Ethnic Russians according to OP

Seems to me like OP is saying that the socialist principle of internationalist class solidarity is undermined by dividing the working class based on their ethnicity and thereby tacitly approving ethno-nationalism as a valid ideology.

why didn't mongoli became part of the USSR?