I think you've got the wrong idea. The bible and most other religious texts weren't written all at once and then implemented immediately after, they all had large portions written as their respective religions developed. The Constitution itself wasn't even written until 5 years after the revolution, when the assumptions of how the US should have been (the Articles of Confederation) were proven wrong. Lots of different ideas floated around before the war, and there wasn't a compete consensus.
Communism is just like this, only it hasn't had its successful phase yet. While some ideas are held by all communists like abolition of private property, there are lots of disagreements on how to build a communist society. Without a successful revolution, there can be no defining document.