Medfag here, but I don't really live in a place where jews are relevant so my knowledge of jew-related medical conditions is limited, and my experience with them is nil, so I'll just talk about genetic conditions in general.
A few things to consider when looking at these numbers:
1) They may seem high when pertaining to jews, but if you start looking through lists of metabolic diseases and how prevalent they are you'll be surprised at how unexpectedly common a lot of them actually are. Each population has its own prevalent genetic problems, but the disease manifests more frequently in inbred groups for a reason I'll explain later in the post.
2) While they may be more common in the jewish population, they still exist in other populations, and it's still more common for the jews to NOT have these diseases, so checking who has which disease isn't a sure fire way to figure out if someone is or isn't jewish.
3) The most common genetic diseases jews have are the most common genetic diseases everyone has. Diabetes and high blood pressure. So you were right when you said the best way to fuck a kike up is to give them sugar, but not for the reason you thought of.
4) There are some diseases that are almost exclusive to certain ethnic groups though. Someone with sickle-cell disease most likely is at least part black, someone with Tay-Sachs most likely is at least partially jewish. But again, doesn't mean other races can't have these problems. I saw a blonde, blue eyed kid once, two german parents, they both had sickle-cell disease trace elements, and the kid had sickle cell disease. If those people had black ancestors then that shit must have happened a long time ago because they didn't show it in any way.
With all that said, the numbers in that site are for GENE CARRIER FREQUENCY. That means less than you'd imagine it does. There are several types of gene inheritances. The easiest one to understand and the one most people learn about is the type where you get a single gene from your father, and one from your mother, and it might be dominant or recessive. If at least one of the genes you have is dominant you get the dominant trait, and if both of them are recessive you get the recessive trait. This is a simplistic way to explain the concept and not all characteristics work like this (some are fairly close to it, like how hemoglobin and sickle cell disease works). For instance, in a simplified manner, skin color is determined by 6 different genes, and the more dominant genes you have the darker your skin is. Someone with genes AABBCC would be as black as black can be, and someone with genes aabbcc would be as white as possible without being albino. But most characteristics are detrmined by a myriad of genes, not just two, or six, or even ten. Some are more important than others when determining certain things and can be simplified for practical things though.
Extend that concept to diseases: even if 1 in 58 jews have glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease) genes, how many people have you actually heard of with Pompe's disease? I've seen one, and he wasn't jewish (but again, basically no jews where I live). This might be due to several things, but it's possible Pompe's disease genetic inheritance is actually very complex and for someone to have it they would need to be extremely unlucky for the genes to align in just the right way for the disease to manifest. Lose the genetic lottery pretty bad. And then there are the cases of diseases that manifest themselves partially. Like favism, which OP posted about. The most common form of favism, one that I've actually seen a few times, is so benign, it might as well not even be there. They have the genes for favism, the genes for it are even somewhat doing something, but they can still eat whatever and not really get sick. There are a lot of misconceptions of how genetics work, it's not that straight forward.
Now let me finish this post saying this: I said being a gene carrier means a lot less than you imagine it does because it looked like from your post you were imagining 1 in 15 jews having Gaucher's disease, but as I explained, they're just carrying the gene. That's still really frequent and jews are inbred as all hell. This type of gene frequency for serious diseases is something you see in populations that live in small areas, like indians in jungles, island tribes, mountain people in Tibet, stuff like that. That site is more of a warning from jews to jew couples that they should do some genetic counseling before having kids, to check if both of them have some dangerous genes they didn't know about and that, together, could generate some fucked up kids. It's not a very weaponizable site.