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The proletarian program necessarily includes the complete annihilation of the bourgeois state. In order to transform the relations of production to communist ones, the establishment of an apparatus of class power, what Marxists would call a state, is necessary. This state, though, should perhaps be called a semi-state, because, unlike all previous states, its functions move towards its own dissolution, where all that is left is an economic apparatus, merely an apparatus of bookkeeping and administration of things.
The Dictatorship of the Proletariat enables the proletariat to abolish themselves, to change the relations of production to where they are no longer "workers".
I will repeat what I said in another post, as I believe it frames it well:
"No real Marxist talks about seizing the 'state' and the 'state' withering away using the same definition of state an Anarchist would. The proletariats' 'state' is not a state in the traditional sense, it is a state because it is an organ for class rule. It is used to pin down the enemies of the revolution, but it is not the center of civil hierarchy like the traditional state. It does not ensure the present relations of production, it is a tool to enable the 'transformation of the relations of production. The more the productive relations are transformed (i.e. the closer to communism), the less there is such a thing as a 'worker' (as economy is subjugated to the rest of life, rather than the other way around), the less there is any such a thing as 'class', the less the 'state' has any political functions"
To qoute Engels:
"All the palaver about the state ought to be dropped, especially after the Commune, which had ceased to be a state in the traditional sense of the term. The 'people's state' has been flung in our teeth ad nauseam by the anarchists, although Marx's anti-Proudhon piece and after it the Communist Manifesto declare outright that, with the introduction of the socialist order of society, the state will dissolve of itself and disappear. Now, since the state is merely a transitional institution of which use is made in the struggle, in the revolution, to keep down one's enemies by force, it is utter nonsense to speak of a free people's state; so long as the proletariat still makes use of the state, it makes use of it, not for the purpose of freedom, but of keeping down its enemies and, as soon as there can be any question of freedom, the state as such ceases to exist."
Marx on the bourgeois program of the Social Democrats (Critique of the Gotha Program):
"Now the program does not deal with this [dictatorship] nor with the future state of communist society.
Its political demands contain nothing beyond the old democratic litany familiar to all: universal suffrage, direct legislation, popular rights, a people's militia, etc. They are a mere echo of the bourgeois People's Party, of the League of Peace and Freedom. They are all demands which, insofar as they are not exaggerated in fantastic presentation, have already been realized. Only the state to which they belong does not lie within the borders of the German Empire, but in Switzerland, the United states, etc. This sort of 'state of the future' is a present-day state, although existing outside the 'framework' of the German Empire."
"But the whole program, for all its democratic clang, is tainted through and through by the Lassallean sect's servile belief in the state, or, what is no better, by a democratic belief in miracles; or rather it is a compromise between these two kinds of belief in miracles, both equally remote from socialism."