Inspired by , I want to make a thread where everyone who wants to do so talks about the state of their country, be it to inspire, or serve as a warning.
I'm a Belgian. Things here are comparatively okay for most people. Our welfare state is quite robust, and includes:
unemployment benefits,
medical insurance,
guaranteed income for people who can't work for medical reasons,
free or fairly cheap education (including college/university/…) and government provided grants for low income folks,
work-based or universal minimal pensions,
work based or means-tested universal child benefits,
and lastly a means tested monetary public assistance.
The minimum wage is pretty high, though so is the cost of living, and we are beginning to see more and more of a hollowing out along the lines of the German model (all in the name of flexibility of course). Another big threat is the rise of interim jobs; it means less protection and pay for the same work.
To sum it all up, it's basically an old-fashioned welfare state that has remained largely intact. Reasons for this include large and powerful unions, who via-via also have a hand in providing things like medical insurance and unemployment benefits, a bit of a historical accident. There's also a certain degree of corporatism, with collective bargaining taking place nationally and within sectors and companies, with the state legislating and enforcing the results of said bargaining.
There are also significant problems though. Though still robust, social protections have been in retreat for a while now, mostly under pressure from Europe. The institutional makeup of the state makes it so that all changes proceed very slowly, but the trend is decidedly negative, and has been for some time. The culprit here is the European context, which has been pushing everyone in a race towards the bottom by having Eastern Europeans come work here without having to receive the same kind of benefits as would natives. On top of that, the Euro-straitjacket has made it very hard to deficit spend for purposes of large scale infrastructure our counter-cyclical interventions.
The biggest problem, though, are ethnic tensions. On the one hand there is the well known Dutch/French speaking divide, which gets exploited by porky all the damn time to try and undermine social protections under the guise of "keeping hard earned Flemish Euros out of the hands of the lazy Walloons". On the other hand, you have the descendants of guest workers from Turkey and Morocco who have failed to integrate into society because of reasons (racism, insular culture, being stuck at the bottom of society, …), and are under-preforming on all sorts of metrics (employment, education, crime etc.), which is used to undermine social protections much the same way. The current migrations underway have mostly grafted themselves on the old preconceptions wrt the aforementioned groups.
Thirdly, there is a problem of taxation. Taxes are high, progressive, and fall mostly on lower and middle income people. Rents and other kinds of capital gains are taxed at lower fixed rates, or not at all. Moreover, the high earners manage to use the complex tax-law to avoid paying even those lower taxes. The issue has been on the political agenda for a while now, but the rightist parties are too strong for it to get any traction. And because of the ethnic tensions is driving a lot of the politics, there is not much hope for a leftist majority to reform tax laws any time soon.
Qua politics, it's a mess of linguistically differentiated parties, none of them all that big, with strong ethnonationalist tendencies in the Dutch speaking parts, and a strong showing by former Maoists and greens in the French speaking parts. They can't get much done, though, because the Flemish left-side is composed of a socdem party that is slowly but surely withering away, a green party that is replacing it but is still smallish, and the aforementioned former maoists struggling to get representation.
There is potential for union-based agitation in the French speaking parts thanks to PTB-takeovers, but long as Belgium remains united I don't think it has much potential because of the tendencies in the north. More likely is either a furthering hollowing out of the welfare state, or institutional gridlock until the next big crisis throws Europe into turmoil, at which point Belgium will be forced to follow along with the bigger countries to avoid becoming a highway for foreign armies again.
Looking forward to read about other people's countries.